Los Angeles City College Library
Expanded Academic ASAP Tutorial

Boolean Operators

Boolean operators (or logical operators), named after the logician George Boole, create relationships between search terms and allow you to find the result of the intersection of two search terms.

There are three Boolean operators which you can use in Expanded Academic ASAP:

AND

The AND operator is used to tell the database to search for articles that have both words located in the text. For instance, you are looking for articles that would discuss the topics of crime and poverty (and possible correlations). The search: crime AND poverty finds only those articles in which both the word crime and the word poverty occur.
diagram illustrating the Boolean search for crime and poverty
Result of search: crime AND poverty"


OR

The OR operator is used to search for articles that have one or the other or both of the words in the text. This operator is used mainly to search for terms that have similar or exact meaning. For example, some publications use periods when abbreviating United Nations, some don’t. The search: "UN or U.N." finds records in which either the word UN or the word U.N. or both occur.
diagram illustrating the Boolean search for UN or U.N.
Result of search: "UN or U.N."


NOT

The NOT operator is used to exclude articles that have a certain word in the text. For example we are looking for information about a Saturn automobile, not a planet named Saturn). The search: Saturn not planet finds all records in which the word Saturn occurs except the ones in which the word planet also occurs.
diagram illustrating the Boolean search for Saturn not planet
Result of search: "Saturn NOT planet"


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Andrzej Mezynski, Los Angeles City College Library
  Phone: (323) 953-4000 ext. 2403
  Email:  mezynsab@lacitycollege.edu